Operational Budget

A budget is a formal plan that estimates the plausible expenditures and income for an organization over a certain amount of time. Seeing that budgets are such a valuable tool for planning and having a control of a company’s finances, budgeting affects nearly every type of organization. Typically a small business contributes in budgeting to determine the most efficient and effective approach making money and increasing its asset base.A financial plan can help a company use its restricted finances in a way that best utilizes existing business opportunities. An operational budget involves the development of monetary tactics for the organization, generally for a year. Though annual budgets need not be subdivided into shorter terms, monthly and/or quarterly budgets are particularly constructive for foreseeing cash needs and for evaluating actual knowledge with plan.An extensive master budget entails planning for all stages of the operation: sales, marketing, manufacturing, engineer ing and general administration. â€Å"Once a budget has been established comparisons may be made with actual results and variances analyzed, budgetary control. Flexible budgetary techniques may also be used to update figures or test alternative courses of action. The advantages and disadvantages of an operating budget are: Advantages| Disadvantages| | |Commitment and motivation of managers| The time taken and the cost of this time| Looks at alternatives| May be unexpected events that affect later results| Sets targets and standards| Information must remain confidential| If predicted volumes change, new sales and costs can be predicted using flexible budget techniques| Managers may treat cost budgets as separate from revenues, and hence over-spend if revenues are not achieved| Looks forward and considers both internal and external factors| | In order to be successful, operating budgets are prepared by departmental managers using the Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industr y or similar to give detailed figures for all volumes, sales, costs and hence profits or costs. † (BURGESS, 2009) These may exist by month and could be determined by day for the entire financial year. The three main steps in contributing towards accomplishing a successful operating budget are: planning for achievable target and objectives, comparing the actual numbers to the budget and evaluating to differences, and taking corrective action if necessary. The key pecuniary relation between a strategic plan and an operational plan is the establishment of a departmental financial plan.The strategic plan gives a budget approximation that is based on anticipated revenue. ‘The operational plan provides a more precise number that can be used to measure the success of a strategic plan. If the operational budget is more than the strategic plan provides for, then the company needs to exert more effort to bring the two numbers more in line. † (Rosemary Peavler, 2012) Budgets are a valuable instrument for businesses to use to help evaluate the performance of their firm at the end of the time period that the budget covers. Businesses should look at actual expenses, for instance, compared to budgeted, or planned, expenditures.By doing this, the business can see how much actual expenses assorted from intended expenses in order to improve the budgeting process in the next time period. Businesses also use budgets for the idea of control. If businesses have a master budget to track, then they can carefully manage expenditures during the time period of the budget by evaluating them to the master budget. Budgets help avoid overspending. The budget also gives the company a target to use by which to evaluate the firm. Not only can expenditures be monitored, but so can income inputs. Some disadvantages of budgeting are staff time devoted to budgets bears a potential opportunity cost.The time these workers give to the budgeting process means they are not accessible to accomplish other tasks and responsibilities. There are Errors and imprecision that will always remain since it is unfeasible to forecast the future. There are major external events, such as, rising energy prices or the worldwide recession that may disfigure the whole process. Budgets also involve and affect people therefore they could be basis for conflict since there may be complicated decisions over where restricted funds are spent. Some departments with tight budgets could feel constrained. Therefore, this will carry the risk of frustrating initiative and enterprise.

Explore the ways in which Frayn presents the character of Keith in Spies Essay

Frayn presents the character of Keith in Spies through the protagonist Stephen’s recollection of their childhood adventures as best friends. Keith is shown as aware and confident in his knowledge and status, with an imagination so seemingly limitless to the point of violence. Despite this, Frayn evokes sympathy from the reader by portraying Keith for what he truly is: a young boy who uses the spying game as a means of escape from what appears a normal, but harsh upbringing. Frayn presents Keith in relation to Stephen, within the context of their friendship. Through their contrasting characteristics and family backgrounds their personalities are created. Frayn’s use of Stephen as a subservient yet contented friend highlights Keith’s dominance: â€Å"He [Keith] was the leader, and I was the led.. He was the officer corps†¦ I was the Other Ranks, and grateful to be so.† Frayn’s use of repeated sentence structure emphasises the divide in status of the two. The relationship is presented as balanced by both Stephen and Keith’s contentedness of the power imbalance. Stephen is ‘grateful’ to follow Keith, who enjoys being leader. Keith’s dominance and power over Stephen is made evident, especially as Frayn presents Keith, in Stephen’s eyes, as somewhat of a god: â€Å"One single heroic deed, to lay at Keith’s feet in the morning.† This image that is portrayed is that of a sacrifice, an offering to compensate for what Stephen feels are his inadequacies, and his betrayal of Keith’s trust. Frayn also makes it evident that Keith’s assumed superiority above other children comes from his awareness of his status in society. Again Frayn uses Stephen’s memory as a framework to subtly inform the reader of Keith’s social status. In Stephen’s memory they are ‘socially colour-coded-’ Keith’s ‘yellow and black’ uniform immediately identifies him as coming from the ‘right’ school. Keith does not talk to other children in the Close, only to Stephen, whom he can easily manipulate. Frayn demonstrates Keith’s insensitivity as he patronises Stephen with â€Å"Go home if you’re bored, old bean,† a term Keith’s father uses on him to signal a punishment. Frayn clearly uses this phrase to demonstrate Keith echoing his father’s threat  towards him, this time it is directed at Stephen. In this case, however, the punishment Keith intends for Stephen is not a caning, but the humiliati on of appearing like a child in their pretend adult spying game. Through Keith, Frayn demonstrates the power of a child’s imagination. From the outset he introduces Keith as an imaginative boy who leads fantastic ‘expeditions’ like investigating murderer-neighbours. This idea is further developed by Frayn with, â€Å"My mother†¦ is a German spy.† This shows Keith’s awareness of his mother’s unusual and deceptive behaviour, with the war as a backdrop adding realism to his game. Frayn shows Keith’s imagination as an escape from his ‘perfectly ordered bedroom’- a reflection of his father’s strict control of the house. Frayn employs the use of Keith’s father’s character to create fearsomeness within Keith’s character himself. The reader empathises with Stephen’s feeling of terror at Keith, as Frayn creates apprehension at Keith’s arrival into the boys’ den and the iconic ‘bayonet’ is taken out. In contrast with Barbara Berrill’s perception of it as simply and more importantly, realistically, a ‘carving knife’- in Keith’s hands tension is immediately created: portrayed as an echo of Mr Hayward through learned behaviour, Keith is capable of inflicting physical pain and violence, and does so. He makes a dismissive comment to Stephen, â€Å"If you think that hurt, you don’t know what hurting is.† One the one hand this could be interpreted as Keith’s typical undermining of Stephen’s feelings, challenging him to act like the brave, invincible adult Keith perceives himself to be. On the other hand , it could be read as a cry for help, suggesting that for Keith, physical pain from his father is more bearable than being restricted of his freedom to be what he truly is: a child. In Keith Frayn shows a lost childhood, exploring within it the idea of secrets of what seem ‘normal’ and flawless in the surface, presenting imagination as a way to violence, and alternatively, a means of escapism from a harsh world.

An Explication of the Theme of Choice in Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

An Explication of the Theme of Choice in Robert Frost's The Road Not Taken and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening The two poems written by Robert Frost that are going to be explicated are named â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† written in 1916, and â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,† in 1922. The purpose of the explication of these two poems is to correlate them in order to establish a common theme that they both possess, originating from both of the poems’ individual themes. The theme that I choose to explicate concerns choice, or experiencing a time in life in which a choice has to be made given a set of possible options. When one is presented with a set of options pertinent to an important choice in life, they explore all of the possible outcomes of the options pertaining to that single choice. This is one of the reasons why it is important to spend time thinking about which option that should be chosen, lest a wrong or unfavorable decision is made. Once the sole option has been decided upon amidst the other options and possible outcomes that are given, a sense of confidence is attained and this instills the ideology into one’s mind that they have made the right choice, and they can now continue unobstructed in life with this positive mindset, knowing they made the right choice, and when it is reflected upon later on in life, the earlier instillation of the ideology—that they made the right choice that time—is still present during the reflection. The first stanza of Frosts poem The Road Not Taken portrays a traveler who has encountered a road divergence in which only one of its paths can be taken, in the first line â€Å"two roads diverged in a yellow wood.† Being a traveler, he closely examines one of the paths of the divergence, although his exploratory actions as a traveler are explained in the second and third lines of the stanza; â€Å"and be one traveler, long I stood and looked down one as far as I could† in which he gauges the safety of the path and the possible outcome before coming to a decision for which path he decides to continue on. Oftentimes in life when a decision for a choice has to be made, people observe the given options in every manner, to see and decide which one would be the best one to make, as the traveler is doing in this case for either of the paths he has the option of taking. In the second stanza of the poem, the traveler again examines the secondary path and makes his own observations about it in the first line; â€Å"then took the other, as just as fair†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in which he concludes that both of the paths are mostly identical. In the remaining lines of the stanza, he examines how this path of the divergence appears to be slightly more worn (possibly from more people traveling on it) than the other, noted in the second and third lines; â€Å"and having perhaps the better claim†¦ because it was grassy and wanted wear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in which he actually comes to the conclusion that the paths are mostly identical in the fourth and fifth lines of the stanza; â€Å"though as for that the passing there†¦ had worn them really about the same.† It can be inferred that at this point, the traveler is indecisive of which path should be taken, since no decision was actually made at this point in the poem. When deciding upon the choice you want to make with the provided options, examining or observing the characteristics of both options is a key aspect of decision-making. In the first two lines of the third stanza, it is now known that the time of day is early, that the area still remains as it was previously, and none of the leaves covering both paths have turned black from the constant on-foot traversal of other human beings; â€Å"and both that morning equally lay†¦in leaves no step had trodden black.† It can also be inferred that the traveler is spending a long time thinking about which path he should take, in which the same is done for weighing the options for a choice which has to be made. In the remaining three lines, the traveler appears to have made a decision, apparently evident in the line â€Å"oh, I kept the first for another day!† in which he favors the second path over the first one, and intends to take the first path sometime later or afterwards. The traveler also realizes that they do not want to be exposed to a situation like this anymore, given that they understand the current circumstance; attributable to the phrase â€Å"yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.† Essentially, the traveler realizes the path they have chosen in order to arrive to this point (in the poem and in the journey; again, given the current circumstance), and that knowing how things lead to other things [â€Å"how way leads on to way†] introduces a doubtable possibility, which would be returning [â€Å"I doubted it if I should ever come back†]. In the first two lines of the last stanza, the traveler has finally decided which path they wanted to take in the divergence, and that when they decide to reflect upon this decision they made, later in life, they will say: â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh†¦somewhere ages and ages†¦hence two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by. And that has made all the difference.† In the very last line of this stanza, the traveler appears to be very content with his decision, and does not hint towards any sign of regression of choice in his words, hence their words â€Å"and that has made all the difference.† The aforementioned instillation of confidence is present in the traveler’s words (and mindset) because they do not regret the decision they have made during their reflection upon which choice they decided to make, and could also conclude that the traveler was able to continue in life undoubtedly because they believe and know that the choice they made was the correct one. In the first three lines of the first stanza within the second poem Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, the horseman is unaware of whose woods he thinks he is currently situated in, although he knows that ‘his’ house is in the village that is more than likely nearby, by saying â€Å"whose woods these are I think I know†¦his house is in the village though; he will not see me stopping here†¦to watch his woods fill up with snow.† In the last two lines of this poem, it appears that the horseman knows that he has somewhere else to be rather than the forest, and that ‘he’ would not want the horseman spending the night in the forest (despite its beauty), when the horseman should, or has to be, in town. The horseman’s horse realizes that they are not in town, and that it would be rather odd to stop suddenly without any real reason; in the second stanza’s first two lines â€Å"my little horse must think it queer†¦to stop without a farmhouse near.† The following two lines indicate the setting within the forest, and the darkness for the time of year it is; â€Å"between the woods and frozen lake†¦the darkest evening of the year.† Perhaps this natural setting and the darkness of the day, with the added ambiance of the forest is a reason why the horseman wants to stay and admire the beauty of the forest, but they have one of the options—of a choice—to stay in the forest. Within the first two lines of the third stanza, the horse realizes the peculiarity of the situation, because â€Å"he gives his harness bells a shake†¦to ask if there is some mistake,† given they are currently sitting in the middle of a quiet forest, on the darkest night of the year, in moderately snowy conditions and far from the nearby village—that needs to be reached. The ambiance of the forest’s quietness is also denoted in the following two lines of the stanza; â€Å"the only other sound’s the sweep†¦of easy wind and downy flake.† However, in the first two lines of the last stanza, the horseman realizes something—that despite where they are, they remember that they have kept a promise to someone; â€Å"the woods are lovely, dark and deep†¦but I have promises to keep.† It can be inferred that the horseman is currently in the process of upholding this promise to someone, in which he is venturing the nearby town, through the forest, to do so. The horseman had an option to remain in the forest that night, but they did not do so because they reminded themselves that they have a long journey to complete before they can actually go to sleep (apparently would be best for them to complete it sooner than later) in the village in the last two lines of the stanza; â€Å"and miles to go before I sleep†¦and miles to go before I sleep.† When comparing the lines from both sets of stanzas within both poems, the aspect of having a choice is present in both of them. In The Road Not Taken, a choice between which road has to be taken is made, and in Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, a choice of whether to continue through the forest to get to the town (to rest, presumably) or remain in it for the night (to adore its natural beauty) is contemplated, however the traveler in The Road Not Taken chooses a path to continue on his journey, and the horseman in Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening reminds himself that he has somewhere else to be instead of staying in the forest. Regardless of the circumstances that may arise during the situation of making a choice in life, you are still presented with the given options, and the options of course to examine or observe the possibilities of what you can do in such a situation, i.e. the traveler in The Road Not Taken having to pick a path based from his observations, or the horseman in Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening opting to go to town so they could rest (and complete the journey), rather than resting in the forest amidst its natural beauty (and not knowing what could happen overnight). However, once a decision is made from the given options, the ensuing circumstances or occurrences may either positively or negatively affect the mindset you have towards the decision you made, especially in hindsight or upon reflecting on what was done at that point in time, i.e. the traveler’s words in reflection of his choice of path he made—written in the last lines of the last stanza of The Road Not Taken; â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh†¦and that has made all the difference!† It is more than likely that Frost wants his readers and audiences to recognize these situations in life through means of expressing them his own poetry, which is perhaps why the handful of steps concerning the aspect of decision-making and its effects—especially in life—are poetically portrayed with his own examples, in different forms, in both of these poems.

The Importance of Space Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Importance of Space - Essay Example This paper illustrates that during construction one must be able to understand elements such as space, centers, boundaries, paths and alignments during construction. According to David Summers conceptualization, the center was used to define a place where heavens could be traced.According to this author, the center was not articulated initially but stones were placed as signs of signifying the rising of the sun and moon1. The author also argues that paths are important since they acknowledge places and centers hence providing a means of approach and departure. He further argues that the paths cannot be in place without the concept of understanding lines. According to the author, most of the lines converge at the center. On the other hand, the purpose of alignment is to put the center in the most direct possible contact with the external thing that may be the moon, mountain or another center. Using David Summer’s conceptualization the building was located in the center. Surroun ding the mansion was a brick wall in a rectangular manner. The building was located at the center to allow for approach and departure from both sides. From the gate directly to the main entrance of the building is a path neatly done with stone blocks. The main entry faces the gate. This is aimed at ensuring that visitors do not interfere with private properties. The direct path from the gate is also important in case of emergency and this can help in the evacuation. From the main door inside the building is a path that leads to the sitting room and to the diner. On the left is the visitor's bedroom. There is a considerable space between the dining room and the sitting room allowing space for easy movement. The main window is located just near the main entrance door which also illuminates light into the house. The path from the main entrance leads directly to an exit which can also be used as an emergency door in case of any danger. The rear end of the building also contains a wider spacing which is open. However, this spacing is private in the sense that only recommended people can access it especially those living and working within the building.

The appearance of nostalgia for American cinema's history in the films Essay

The appearance of nostalgia for American cinema's history in the films of the 1970s - Essay Example trayed at least one nuclear family and at least some kind of prosperity in his film, for this is the stereotype that was assumed by the early 1970s – that the 1950s were a time of nuclear family and father knows best. A time of unlimited dreams and houses in the suburbs. Picket fences and family dogs. Benevolent fathers who dispense advice, and mothers who wear aprons and bake cookies. That sort of image. These images are stereotypical, yet are still the stuff of 1950s fantasies. These images are also not the way that it really was. Stephanie Coontz (1997) provides a coherent counterpoint for this idealized version of the 1950s. Coontz states that, although Americans in 1996 voted the 1950s as the most idyllic time for a child to grow up, in reality, the decade still left much to be desired. The 1950s was a time of prosperity, in that wages were growing at a higher rate than any other decade, while the median priced home was only 15 to 18 percent of a man’s salary. Yet, women were not treated well, nor were minorities, and parents did not communicate well with their children. The children of the 1950s, meanwhile, have stated, by and large, that they would not want the same marriage as their parents. They state that their fathers did not provide good role models, and their mothers could not be happy (Coontz, 1997, p. 34). Coontz argues that the nostalgia for the 1950s was rooted in a desire to return to a time when kids were kept on the straight and narrow. The decade was also seen as family friendly, presumably because it was the decade that is not necessarily known for the pornography and media violence that has marked the decades hence. There was also a feeling of optimism (Coontz, 1997, p. 35), more than what is seen in the current decade, and, certainly, more... Movies may give the viewer a sense of nostalgia.This is when the movies portray events that occur during a period of time in a somewhat idealized way. Rock Hudson and Doris Day movies provide a nostalgic view of the 1950s, in that these were cute romantic comedies that featured a masculine man, a pretty petite woman and lots of innocent fun. Westerns may provide a sense of idealization, when it shows the land as being a place of dreams, the hero always wins, and the anti-hero is redeemed. This is not the case with the two movies explained below, The Last Picture Show and Days of Heaven. The Last Picture Show and Days of Heaven represent a different time period from the present, neither of them are particularly nostalgic. As Cook (2005 ) states, nostalgia is a kind of fantasy, so much so that it is more inauthentic then memory. Nostalgia would depend upon an idealized version of what was really true and this is not the case with these two films. The Last Picture Show takes the convent ional wisdom of the 1950s – that this was a time of nuclear families, lemonade stands, picket fences, benevolent fathers and mothers, and obedient children – and stands them on their head. The kids in this film are immoral and crass, one of the central adults is an adulterous drunk, and another central adult is carrying on an affair with a 17-year-old boy. Only Sam the Lion serves as a nostalgic touchstone, as he embodies the values that are supposedly ascribed to this time - virtuosity, wisdom, courage and patience.

Law Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law Assignment - Essay Example When we order a car or a thing there is a need to have a agreement between them and us. Usually those agreements will be in printed with the dealers and we unmindfully sign them as we do not anticipate any grievous on toward incidents. Though the problems occur rare the business people will be aware and will be careful in framing their agreements in putting all the onus on the customer in case of any unforeseen disasters. In the case of the advertisement company actually they agreed for the contract just by ignorance of two new employees. After that Jay signed the contract ignoring to see the details of payment and liability terms. As the payment was typed 10 times the one agreed at the oral agreement and liability of the company was completely nullified by putting a rider in small letter that even any fault and ignorance of its own employees also was not to be bore by the company. The fourth one may be about the health and inability caused to tom chews. The prescription of on-site doctor resulted in diarrhea (though the medicine was given by wrongly reading of the spoiled prescription paper). But the responsibility lies solely with company as they provided a doctor. There were no details about the on-site treatment of the actors. But by seeing the case and behavior of Jay and her signing of advertisement contract one can predict that she might have not followed necessary precautions in contract with Tom chews about the maintenance of him on site. The last one may be about the promoting of the film in the prescribed time. As the advertising company bagged order for large amount for the small execution and was not intended to work; this may also cause a severe trouble for the Production Company as they has to face the problem of non execution of contract. Breach of Contract When a company and a worker enter into a contract and a dispute arises between them due to some reason. Here the dispute is injury of the workers (actors) on site. This made the work to come to a halt. When the company tried to hire new workers (actors) without settling terms with the old ones, they have all the right to sue the company. It was not mentioned whether the contracts with Bruce Spillis and Brad Spitt were settled (cancelled) or not. But by the way Jay handled the situations and contracts and the information she received about the execution it seems that she did not settled the terms with the former workers (actors.) This entitles the workers to fight in court for compensation. But if company tries to defend itself that it is their negligence that made them injured on site and prove it will be of some help in winning the case. It is difficult but not impossible. If the company succeeds in proving the negligence of workers they have to pay. But if it is not the case the co mpany has to pay for old workers a full payment or reinstating them in to work. Though there is a chance for the company to prove its innocence there was very little chance

Market Segmentation and the Disintegration of an Entire Market Assignment - 7

Market Segmentation and the Disintegration of an Entire Market - Assignment Example Demographic Variables concern the characteristics of customers, for instance, marital status, gender, age, occupation, income, education, and religion among others. Market segmentation can also be done on geographical variables deals with the regional placement of customers for instance countries, states, and urban centers while behavioral variables concerns brand loyalty, product usage rate, and willingness to purchase (Cahill, 7). Initially, Starbucks targeted the entire coffee market and but tried to differentiate its coffee by developing fitting personal service and thus the Starbucks Experience. It also applied Geographical Segmentation principle by distributing it's over 17,000 outlets in different countries. The principle of market targeting requires a business to recognize the diversity of its customers and thus should offer them diverse services or goods that meet their varied tastes. The firm should be able to move at the same pace as the demands of consumers changes. The Starbucks experience first changed due to its attempts to meet the dynamic needs of the ever-increasing number of customers. It had to reconstitute its operations, as well as open new coffee outlets in potential market segments. After realizing that the business was losing most of its customers to the competitors, Schult came up with new policies for strategizing the future of the organization. It was no longer appealing to the traditional customer, thus lost its specialty, and finally became different. Starbucks now aims at meeting the unique and ever-changing needs of its customers. Stiff competition from other coffee houses forced the company to change the brand of their products in order to differentiate them from those offered by the competitors. The firm is now more focused on the benefits that customers will generate from consuming its coffee, which includes personal satisfaction, quality services beyond the  customers’ expectations, timely delivery of services amongst others.

Opportunities to improve international business prospects Assignment

Opportunities to improve international business prospects - Assignment Example South Africa is one of the emerging markets that the company should endeavor to establish. Some of the benefits that the organization and its employees will accrue include; Even though doubts may arise concerning the company’s expansion to a foreign country, I am hereby shedding light on some of the controversial issues. The headquarters will be located in Durban, which is the third largest City in South Africa. Durban harbor is the busiest port in the East Coast of Africa (World Port Source), which makes it a strategic dock for imports and exports to and from the land locked developing countries in Africa. English is among the official languages in the country and therefore communication will be effective. The country has experienced an economic boom since it hosted the 2010 FIFA world cup (Udesh et al. 27). The economy is undergoing rapid growth especially with the concerted efforts by the government and stakeholders to enhance the recovery from the inefficiencies of apartheid. According to Lundahl and Petersson, there has been notable growth in the manufacturing and transport sector (33). However, the employment opportunities are fewer than the employable population in the country. The government is therefore encouraging foreign investors to establish business in the country in a bid to solve the problem of high unemployment rates (Prasad et al. 13). This is the reason our company has been granted approval to establish in Durban where it may help in creating employment opportunities for locals. On the other hand, the city’s political climate is encouraging. The politicians are concerned about economic growth and empowerment of people to improve their standards of living. Our company enjoys unmatched reputation in the region and therefore there is no doubt of imminent success. It is evident that the move to Durban, South Africa is a significant global strategy that will enhance the

Select a recent arms control agreement, outline its main features and Essay

Select a recent arms control agreement, outline its main features and evaluate its effectiveness. In light of your findings, is arms control possible in an anarchic world - Essay Example na; and Strategic and Tactical Arms Reduction Treaty (START) between the United States of America and the Russian Federation have been a great help in keeping the world safe from nuclear weapons and nuclear wars since the Second World War These treaties are put into action with the agreement of governments that they will not produce any more weapons and arms and reduce their already existing weapons. When the Soviet Union was divided, Kazakhstan and Belarus decided to give their weapons up and joined international conventions. To see to it that the treaties are being honoured, on site inspections satellite verification or by aero planes are conducted on a regular basis. Verification is done by either bodies like International Atomic Energy Agency or the parties involved in the treaty. Often the destruction of weapons of mass destruction is assisted by international peace organizations (About, 2012). Current issues related to the regulation of arms worldwide are mainly that the weapons of mass destruction as well weapons like guns etc are being illegally proliferated on a large scale and are finding their way to terrorists and countries which are not politically and economically stable. Pakistan, Iran and North Korea’s geostrategic interests are different from the United State of America and Russia’s and that is the reason behind these countries not being a part of any non proliferation treaties and they remain a powerful threat to the United State of America and Russia. In July 2009 presidents Obama and Medvedev renewed the old START treaty with the new START treaty and decided to decrease the amount of weapons to one-third (About, 2012). The new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) is one of the current arms control treaties between the United States of America and Russian Republic. It is the renewed version of the old START treaty. In Prague, on April 8, 2010 President of the United States of America, Barack Obama, and the president of the Russian